Lens, Glaucoma, and the Fundus Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) shows which sequence of photoreceptor loss?
• Which condition is associated with an increased risk of retinal detachment and glaucoma following cataract surgery?
• What is a fundic exam finding with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)?
• Which species are known to have holangiotic retinal vasculature?
• What is the treatment for a NON-VISUAL anterior lens luxation?
• What structures make up the fundus?
• Which class of drugs primarily reduces aqueous production in glaucoma management?
• How is hypertensive chorioretinopathy diagnosed?
• Which of the following is a possible post-operative complication of cataract surgery?
• Which of the following is a listed cause of optic nerve atrophy?
• Which of the following is a possible clinical sign of optic neuritis?
• Goniodysgenesis is associated with which form of primary glaucoma?
• What are side effects of prostaglandin analogs?
• What are the clinical signs of a more chronic glaucoma?
• Which factor is a recognized risk for ivermectin toxicity?
• Glaucoma is best described as what?
• How is the PanOptic ophthalmoscope utilized for the fundic evaluation?
• Which statement is true about optic nerve atrophy?
• Historic chorioretinitis typically requires treatment:
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a side effect of parasympathomimetics?
• What is the first step in managing anterior lens luxation?
• Which statement is true regarding glycerin as a hyperosmotic agent?
• Which structure is the major drain for aqueous humor outflow?
• Which term represents a stage of cataract development?
• What are the pectinate ligaments?
• Vitreous hemorrhage can be due to which causes?
• Sudden Acquired Retinal Degeneration Syndrome (SARDS) is best described as:
• Phagolytic uveitis is best described as:
• Which of the following is an example of a prostaglandin analog for glaucoma management?
• Demecarium bromide belongs to which pharmacologic class?
• Which of the following is a toxic etiology associated with cataracts?
• What is included in the cataract surgery work-up?
• What term corresponds to movement of the lens known as a 'lens dance'?
• The couching procedure is another name for which intervention?
• Which term accurately describes a cataract located around the nucleus in a ring-like fashion?
• What are potential causes of primary lens luxation?
• What is glaucoma always due to in the most basic terms?
• What is micropapilla?
• What is the stated advantage of topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in glaucoma management?
• What are causes of secondary glaucoma?
• What is the function of the vitreous?
• Under etiologic categories, which category includes trauma as a cause?
• Chorioretinitis can be caused by which categories of disease?
• What is the ciliary cleft?
• What are the two general mechanisms for medical management of glaucoma?
• Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous (PHPV) is best described as:
• Which of the following is a plausible side effect of beta blockers used for glaucoma?
• Which of the following is a sign of anterior lens luxation?
• Which parameter is listed as a monitoring parameter for hypertensive chorioretinopathy aside from blood pressure?
• Which sign is described as iris dance (iridodensis) in lens subluxation?
• What are the components of the fundus from outermost to innermost?
• Which surgical option for a non-visual eye with primary glaucoma is the most cosmetic but with possible complications?
• Where is the aqueous humor located?
• How do clinical signs of glaucoma differ in the cat?
• Which sign indicates anterior lens luxation when visible on examination?
• How is progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) diagnosed?
• What is the typical onset timeframe for cataract development after a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
• How quickly do prostaglandin analogs decrease intraocular pressure?
• What is the surgical treatment of cataracts?
• What are surgical options for a VISUAL eye with primary glaucoma?
• Which agent is a topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitor listed for glaucoma management?
• An immature cataract involves which percentage of lens volume and may allow observation of the tapetal reflex?
• In collie eye anomaly, choroidal hypoplasia is most commonly located relative to the optic nerve head?
• Which sign may be observed as vitreous prolapse in lens subluxation?
• Which statement best describes SARDS in dogs?
• How is a trans-corneal reduction procedure performed?
• Which pupillary or pupil-related sign is listed as a sign of fundic disease?
• Which describes the signs of primary closed-angle glaucoma?
• Which describes the normal feline fundus?
• If hypertensive chorioretinopathy is chronic or there is extensive retinal hemorrhage, the prognosis is ...
• Which process contributes the majority of aqueous production?
• What alteration in tapetal reflectivity may indicate fundic disease?
• Which of the following can be a cause of hypertensive chorioretinopathy?
• Hypermature cataract is characterized by which feature?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a potential cause of secondary lens luxation?
• Which structure is part of the retinal pigmented epithelium?
• Nuclear sclerosis is characterized by which of the following?
• In canine hypertensive chorioretinopathy, which treatment combination is commonly used?
• Tapetal hyperreflectivity most strongly indicates which process?
• Which description matches merangiotic retinal vasculature?
• Which statement about the normal bird fundus is NOT true?
• Phacoclastic uveitis is caused by which mechanism?
• What is holangiotic retinal vasculature?
• Which etiologic category encompasses metabolic etiologies such as diabetes mellitus and hypocalcemia?
• In feline hypertensive chorioretinopathy, which treatment is commonly used?
• What is aphakia?
• Morgagnian cataract is defined by which description?
• What produces the aqueous humor?
• Which stage of cataract is considered best for surgical correction?
• What is the prognosis for vision with optic neuritis?
• Which sign is described as lens dance (phacodenesis)?
• What is the mechanism of prostaglandin analogs for glaucoma management?
• Which of the following is a prostaglandin analog used for glaucoma management?
• What is the described treatment for phototoxic retinal damage caused by enrofloxacin?
• Persistent Hyperplastic Tunica Vasculosa Lentis (PHTVL) is best described as:
• Which of the following can be a finding in collie eye anomaly?
• What is the inheritance pattern of PRA?
• In addition to treating the underlying cause, chorioretinitis may be managed with:
• What is the treatment for secondary glaucoma?
• Which antibiotic can cause acute retinal degeneration in cats?
• What are the outflow dynamics of aqueous humor?
• What is the mechanism of parasympathomimetics for glaucoma management?
• Which statement about tonometry methods is accurate?
• Persistent Hyperplastic Tunica Vasculosa Lentis is most commonly described in which patient group?
• What is a key step in managing hypertensive chorioretinopathy besides ocular treatment?
• Which of the following is a clinical finding commonly associated with ivermectin toxicity?
• Which class of glaucoma medications is associated with uveitis as a potential side effect?
• Which description matches asteroid hyalosis in the vitreous?
• The treatment for chorioretinitis should first focus on which of the following?
• Which etiologic category lists retinal degeneration as a cataract cause?
• In a dog with cataracts, pupillary light reflexes are typically:
• What is the incidence of postoperative complications after cataract surgery?
• What diagnostic method is used to diagnose retinal detachment when the ocular media are clear?
• What is the treatment for lens subluxations and posterior lens luxations?
• Which of the following statements is true regarding chorioretinitis management?
• A torn retina in hypertensive chorioretinopathy is associated with which prognosis?
• Which test result is commonly associated with optic neuritis?
• What makes up the vitreous?
• Which species has the higher typical normal intraocular pressure range?
• What systolic blood pressure threshold is associated with hypertensive chorioretinopathy?
• Historic chorioretinitis is best described by which lesion characteristic?
• What is the iridocorneal angle?
• Which of the following is a direct parasympathomimetic used in glaucoma management?
• What are the two forms of primary glaucoma?
• Which is a key to surgical success with phacoemulsification?
• What does the electroretinogram assess in cataract work-up?
• Which statement about indirect ophthalmoscopy's field of view is true?
• During the trans-corneal reduction procedure, which step uses a cotton tip applicator to reposition the lens?
• Which location term refers to central, axial involvement in a cataract?
• Cataracts are categorized by age into which of the following groups?
• In the etiologic classification of cataracts, which category is the most common cause in dogs?
• Which of the following are common errors when obtaining IOP measurements?
• What procedural requirement is necessary for fundic examination?
• Cataracts are classified by age, location, stage of development, and:
• Which describes the normal horse fundus?
• Active chorioretinitis is best described by which lesion characteristic?
• In optic neuritis involving retrobulbar fibers, which statement is true about the optic nerve head appearance?
• What is the primary treatment for ivermectin toxicity?
• Which statement about the vitreous composition is correct?
• What is a clinical sign of hypertensive chorioretinopathy?
• What should be assessed with glaucoma?
• An incipient cataract is defined as affecting what percentage of lens volume?
• What is the recommended first action if enrofloxacin retinal toxicity is suspected?
• Which of the following is a documented cause of optic neuritis?
• The lens receives its nutrition from which structure?
• Anangiotic retinal vasculature is characterized by which of the following?
• Which of the following is a valid category of cataracts by location?
• How does anterior lens luxation cause glaucoma?
• Which sign is commonly seen in hypertensive chorioretinopathy?
• Senile degeneration as a cataract etiology is primarily related to what?
• What is the most common cause of glaucoma in cats and horses?
• Which statement best describes the metabolism of the lens?
• Hypertensive chorioretinopathy is an acquired disease that presents with which primary signs?
• Which statement best describes the anatomy of the lens?
• Which statement is true regarding post-operative management after cataract surgery?
• Early signs of feline central retinal degeneration include which finding?
• What is the medical treatment of the contralateral eye with primary glaucoma?
• What is the mechanism by which beta blockers help lower intraocular pressure?
• What is optic nerve hypoplasia?
• Which statement best describes Persistent Pupillary Membranes (PPMs)?
• Tapetal hyporeflectivity is most closely associated with which condition?
• Which describes the normal canine fundus?
• Which statement about collie eye anomaly is true?
• Which etiologic category includes exposure to radiation or electric shock as a cataract risk?
• Which statement about the normal horse fundus is true regarding tapetum?
• Retinal dysplasia is best described as which of the following?
• Posterior lenticonus is best described as an outpouching of which structure?
• What is progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)?
• What attaches the lens to the ciliary body?
• Why is anterior lens luxation considered an ocular emergency?
• A cataract is defined as:
• Describe the protein content and solubility changes in the lens with age.
• What are examples of hyperosmotic diuretics for glaucoma management?
• Which definition best describes a mature cataract?
• Which term describes the normal retina with no visible blood vessels?
• What is the mechanism of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors in glaucoma management?
• Which procedures reduce aqueous production in glaucoma treatment?
• Which statement about holangiotic vasculature is accurate?
• After starting medications for hypertensive chorioretinopathy, when should blood pressure be checked?
• Which finding is most characteristic of collie eye anomaly?
• What test provides definitive diagnosis of SARDS?
• What is microphakia?
• Which nutritional etiology is associated with cataract formation?
• Which statement about breeding is recommended for collie eye anomaly?
• Which combination of features best describes the historic vs active chorioretinitis distinction?
• How does indirect ophthalmoscopy magnification compare to direct ophthalmoscopy?
• What is the onset pattern for primary closed-angle glaucoma?
• What is the presentation of primary closed-angle glaucoma?
• Which statement best describes side effects of oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?
• Which statement best describes the unique retinal degeneration etiology of cataracts?
• Phacoclastic uveitis is caused by which event?
• What is lens coloboma?
• What is the primary function of the lens?
• Which of the following is a recognized cause of retinal hemorrhages?
• Optic nerve hypoplasia predisposition is noted in which breed?
• What are surgical options for a NON-VISUAL eye with primary glaucoma?
• Which describes the normal reptile fundus?
• How is the direct ophthalmoscope utilized for fundic evaluation?
• In cataract work-up, gonioscopy is used to evaluate what?
• Which systemic sign is sometimes concurrent with SARDS?
• Retinal hemorrhages can be seen in which locations?
• What is the PanOptic ophthalmoscope?
• Which pupillary finding can accompany optic neuritis?
• What is the mechanism of hyperosmotic diuretic agents for glaucoma management?
• Which of the following is a systemic side effect of parasympathomimetics used for glaucoma management?
• Causes of retinal dysplasia include which?
• The prognosis for vision is best when hypertensive chorioretinopathy is detected early (less than 2 weeks).
• Feline central retinal degeneration is associated with which deficiency?
• Vascular attenuation is best described as which finding?
• What is the medical treatment of the affected eye with primary glaucoma?
• Which statement best distinguishes tapetal hyperreflectivity from hyporeflectivity?
• Which vascular change is correctly paired with its indication?
• Which instrument is rebound tonometer that does not require proparacaine?
• In diabetes mellitus, which mechanism contributes to cataract formation?
• What is the fundus?
• Which option represents a combination that includes a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with a beta blocker?
• Which technique is preferred for evaluating cataracts in practice?
• What defines paurangiotic retinal vasculature?
• Which of the following best describes the typical onset and fundus appearance in SARDS?
• Which path accounts for more than half of outflow in horses?
• What are the production dynamics of aqueous humor?
• Which of the following is a sign of lens subluxation?
• Which optic nerve head change is listed as a sign of fundic disease?
• Which sequence best describes how cataracts can result in uveitis?
• What is common with progressive retinal atrophy (PRA)?
• What is the success rate of cataract surgery?
• What are side effects of hyperosmotic diuretic agents for glaucoma management?
• Which describes the normal rabbit fundus?
• Collie eye anomaly is which of the following?
• Which dosing regimen is described for the affected eye in primary glaucoma?
• What are the clinical signs of optic nerve atrophy?
• Which statement about the PanOptic ophthalmoscope's field of view is true?
• Which agents should be avoided in secondary glaucoma due to risk of uveitis?
• Kinostat is described as which type of treatment?
• Which of the following is a treatment option for chronic luxations that are blind/painful?
• Which of the following is listed as a cause of retinal detachment?
• What is the normal intraocular pressure for horses?
• Which statement best describes diagnosing optic neuritis with imaging?
• Which statement is true about the lens capsule?
• Hyperosmotic diuretics are contraindicated in which patients?
• What are the treatment options for a VISUAL anterior lens luxation?
• Which tool is used to rule out retinal detachments or mass effects during cataract work-up?
• Which vascular changes are associated with fundic disease?
• What is the prognosis for ivermectin toxicity with appropriate supportive care?
• What is the treatment for chronic luxations that are blind/painful?
• What is spherophakia?
• To avoid retinal toxicity associated with enrofloxacin, which antibiotic is preferred?
• Optic neuritis is best described as:
• Which inflammatory/infectious etiology is most common for cataracts in cats and horses?
• Demecarium bromide is an example of which class of glaucoma medications?
• Persistent Hyperplastic Tunica Vasculosa Lentis (PHTVL) is best described as: